architecture
“the pacifier between humans and their fears” Kent Keegan, Professor of Architecture, Uni of Wisc, Milw
There are many ways to categorize architecture, as various styles emerged from philosophies and needs of cultures all over the world. Refer to the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History for more information.
25,000 BC | caves & islands | iberia, indonesia, australia |
3500 BC | ancient | egypt, mideast, britain |
500 BC | classical | greece, rome |
800 AD | aztec, maya & inca | mexico, central & south america |
1000 AD | medieval romanesque | england, scanda |
1000 AD | ghana empire | west africa |
1100 AD | india, cambodia, japan | southeast asia |
1400 AD | medieval gothic | france |
1500 AD | renaissance | italy |
1600 AD | baroque | europe |
1600+ AD | edo period | japan |
1680 AD | taj mahal | india |
1800? | cage construction | europe |
1930+ | modern | new york city, usa |
1980+ | post-modern | global |
2000+ | millenial, futurism | global |
caves & islands
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50,000-6000 BC Ubirr, Australia
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35,000 BC Altamira, Spain
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8000 BC Gujawet, Indonesia
ancient
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3600 BC Stonehenge, England
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3600–2500 BC Ggantija, Malta (model)
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2700-2600 BC Giza, Egypt
classical
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450 BC Parthenon, Athens, Greece
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75 BC Pont du Gard, Roman Aqueduct in France
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72-90 AD Colisseum, Roma, Italia
aztec, maya, inca
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100 BC Teotihuacan, Aztec, Mexico
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200 AD Tikal, Mayan, Guatemala
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1450 AD Machu Picchu, Incan, Peru
medieval (middle ages?)
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526-547 AD San Vitale, Ravenna, Italia
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532-37 AD Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey
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1096 AD Alnwick Castle, England
africa: ethiopia (east), ghana empire (west), zimbabwe (south)
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1250 AD St George, Lalibela, Ethiopia
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1327 AD Djinguereber Mosque, Timbuktu, Mali
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1450-1650 AD Khami, Zimbabwe
india, cambodia, japan
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200 BC Stupa in Sanchi, India
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1100 AD Angkor Wat, Cambodia
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645 AD Senso-ji, Kyoto, Japan
gothic (England, France...)
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1100 AD Cathedral Flying Buttress Architectural detail
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1194-1220 AD Chartres Cathedral, France
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1250 AD Sainte-Chapelle, France
renaissance, italian
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1585, Palladio, Teatro_Olimpico, Vicenza, Italia, photog Didier Descouens
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1506-1626 AD St Peters Basilica, Vatican City
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1510, La loggia d'Amour et de Psyché, Villa Farnesina, Rome, photog Jean Pierre Dalbera
baroque: italy, france, germany
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1620, Santa Maria della Vittoria, archtct Carlo Maderno, photog tango7174
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1661-1789, Palais e Jardin de Versailles, France, photog Andrew Martin
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1746, Asam Church, Munich, Germany, photo Rita E
edo period, japan (1600 - 1850 approx)
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1600s, Kaneiji Temple,Tokugawa clan, Edo Period, photog Sjaak Kempe
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1617, Yomeimon, Gate of Sunlight, Nikkō Tōshō-gū, photog RayinManila
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1603-26, Ninomaru Palace, Nijo Castle, Kyoto, Japan
taj majal, india (1631–48)
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1632-48, Taj Majal, Agra, India, photog Henrik Bennetsen cc
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1631-48, Taj Majal, Details, Agra, photog Pegatina1
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1631-48, Taj Majal, Mosque, Agra, photog Pegatina1
iron/glass & cage construction
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1850, Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, England, illustration, public domain
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1850, Crystal Palace, archtct Joseph Paxton, photog McNeven, J
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1930, Empire State Building History, New York City
modernism
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1945-50, Mies van de Rohe, architect, Farnsworth House, photo Greg Benson, Pexels
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1955, Notre Dame du Haut, architect Le Corbusier, Ronchamp, France, photog Wladyslaw
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1970, Catedral de Brasilia, architect Oscar Niemeyer, photog Albery Santini Júnior
post-modern & decontructivist
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1993, MI6-SIS Building, England, T Farrell & Co architects, photo Georges Rex
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2007, Royal Ontario Museum, Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, Daniel Libeskind, Toronto, Canada, phto Daniel MacDonald
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1997, Museo Guggenheim, architect Frank Gehry, Bilbao, Espana, photo Mendoza jhonnyfrancisco
millenial & futurism
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1994 Burj Al Arab Luxury Hotel in Dubai
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1998-2009, City of Arts & Sciences, Valencia, Espana, architect Santiago Calatrava, photo papagnoc
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2013, Zaha Hadid architects, Innovation Tower, Hong Kong, photo Sebastian Wallroth